Kinora

Manufacturer	Gaumont. Kinora Casler-Lumière
Name	Kinora
Place	Paris (France)
Date	1900
Register	821

Device patented by August and Louis Lumière in 1896, to view photographic images in motion, individually, using the folioscope technique. Conceived as a miniature mutoscope, it used photographic prints of the frames of a film, fixed to relatively thick and flexible cards and fastened to a circular core. The rotation of this core around a fixed peg allowed one to see the images one by one through the viewfinder, quickly flicked through. The effect of the retinal persistence of the human eye made it possible to see the image in motion. The viewfinder of this device had a lens to enlarge the image and a visor helped the viewer to focus all their vision on the film. A wind-up motor automatically rotated the roller, and a small outer mirror directed the light towards the roll of views located inside the box (a rear model with an electric light fitted inside). The success of the cinematograph and the fact that the mutoscope of H. Casler had already been patented in France, causing the Lumière brothers to drop the kinora and pass the idea on to Léon Gaumont. This young entrepreneur solved the problems of the patent and marketed the device from 1900. More than a hundred films were released on reels for kinora, all taken from the Lumière and Gaumont catalogues.

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